MEET: Multi-hop Energy Efficient Protocol for Energy Hole Avoidance Using Variable Transmission Range in Wireless Sensor Networks

The energy hole phenomenon has been a great hinderance in efficient performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, energy hole problem is addressed with reference to variable transmission range of sensor nodes and static number of Cluster Heads (CHs), which aggregate the data of their region and forward it to next CH or Base Station (BS). Network field is first divided into regions and then a fixed number of nodes are deployed to overcome the coverage hole problem. This strategy balances the energy consumption, overcomes the energy and coverage hole problem and thereby extending the stability of network.