Continuous HMM-Based Volcano Monitoring at Deception Island, Antarctica

This paper shows a complete volcano monitoring system that has been developed on the basis of the seismicity observed during three summer Antarctic surveys at Deception Island Volcano (Antarctica). The system is based on the state of the art in hidden Markov modelling (HMM) techniques successfully applied to other scenarios. A database containing a representative set of different seismic events including volcano-tectonic earthquakes, long-period events, volcanic tremor and hybrid events recorded during the 1994-1995 and 1995-1996 seismic surveys was collected for training and testing. Simple left-to-right HMMs and multivariate Gaussian probability density functions (PDF) with diagonal covariance matrix were used. The feature vector consists of the log-energies of a filter-bank consisting of 16 triangular weighting functions uniformly spaced between 0 and 20 Hz plus the first and second order derivatives. The system is suitable to operate in real-time and its accuracy is close to 90%. When the system was tested with a different data set including mainly long-period events registered during several seismic swarms during the 2001-2002 field survey, more than 95% of the recognized events were correctly marked by the recognition system