Developmental Toxicity of Triadimefon in Embryo-Larval Stages of Zebrafish

Triadimefon, a triazole fungicide, has been widely detected in the environment, but few studies have assessed its effect on aquatic organisms. The present study evaluated the effect of triadimefon in embryo-larval stages of zebra fish. Zebra fish embryos exhibited teratogenic effects of bent spine, uninflated swim bladder and other malformations after exposure to various triadimefon concentrations (0-4.0 μg/mL) from 6 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). We observed the loco motor activity namely spontaneous movement in embryos and swimming activity in larvae to assess the neurotoxicity. This is the first study to detection the neurotoxicity and teratogenic of triadimefon in zebra fish. We also inferred the spontaneous movement was related to the hatching rate and the potential course of the uninflated swim bladder. The results further the understanding of the toxicity of triadimefon to aquatic organisms and suggest the need for additional research to identify the mode of triadimefon toxicity.