Systems information in set pair analysis and its applications

The problem of uncertainty knowledge has been tackled for a long time by philosophers, logicians and mathematicians. Recently it becomes a crucial issue for computer scientists, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence (AI). The set pair analysis (SPA) theory, proposed by Keqin Zhao, is a novel uncertainty theory. The core of this theory is to consider certainties and uncertainties as a certain-uncertain system, and to depict uniformly all kinds of uncertainties such as random uncertainty, fuzzy uncertainty, indeterminate-known uncertainty, unknown and unexpected incident uncertainty, and uncertainty that results from imperfective information, using a connection degree formula that can fully embody its idea. SPA has been applied to many fields successfully such as industry, agriculture, forestry, education, physical education, military affairs, traffic, data fusion, decision-making, forecasting, comprehensive evaluation, and network planning, etc. The reason is that there exists abundant systems information such as system structure information, system theory information, etc, in SPA. In this paper, the systems information in SPA is discussed, and its applications are also given.