Research & development of the ground source heat reference map: The effect of the heat collecting pattern and the ground water flow

Ground source heat reference map (GSHRM) for designing the ground source heat pump system is proposed. By use of the map, designers of the ground source heat pump system are able to predict the thermal performance of the ground heat exchangers (GHEs) without the pre-evaluation test of the GHEs. In this map, the advection of the heat transfer due to the ground water flow is not expected, and is set to be the design margin. Also, the ground temperature is assumed to be the average atmospheric temperature. So, the map will show the minimum thermal performance of the GHEs with these conditions. To decide the thermal performance, the operation pattern of GHEs is necessary, and this pattern should not be any. In this paper, it is shown that the maximum cooling or heating operation pattern is existed, and this pattern is proposed to be the standard operation pattern. Also, the advection by groundwater flow is evaluated.