CO2 mitigation model of future power plants with integrated carbon capture and storage in Thailand

Thailand currently relies largely on natural gas, coal & lignite, fuel oil, and less portion in renewable energy for electricity production. Due to the cheap fuel costs, fossil fuels dominate in energy supply. However, utilization of more fossil fuels results in increasing CO₂ emissions. The introduction of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) for the future thermal power plant in Thailand is modeled in the multi-period linear programming MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) model. The increasing share of renewable energy is introduced in this study to influence the adoption of technologies. Comparing with possible introduction of nuclear power plants and increasing share of renewable energy policy up to 20% are considered for long term CO₂ mitigation option. The differences in marginal costs are analyses in terms of CO₂ mitigation in the business-as-usual (BAU), nuclear (NUC) and renewable (RE) cases up to 20% share: RE05, RE10, RE15 and RE20. The marginal costs are calculated as the ratio between the difference in total system costs and emission mitigation between the baseline and CO₂ mitigation options. This analysis is performed in the scope of complete energy system, from supply side to technologies for energy transformation, and to sectors for energy consumption. The results show options are better from the optimality side of CO₂ mitigation strategies, associated costs compared with utilizing Carbon Credit Mechanism (CDM) program and possible future technologies for investment in Thailand.