DocumentCode :
2345824
Title :
Dirty-paper trellis codes for watermarking
Author :
Miller, Matt L. ; Dorr, G.J. ; Cox, Ingemar J.
Author_Institution :
NEC Res. Inst., Princeton, NJ, USA
Volume :
2
fYear :
2002
fDate :
2002
Abstract :
Informed coding is the practice of representing watermark messages with patterns that are dependent on the cover works. This requires the use of a dirty-paper code, in which each message is represented by a large number of alternative vectors. Most previous dirty-paper codes are based on lattice codes, in which each code vector, or pattern, is a point in a regular lattice. While such codes are very efficient to implement, they suffer from inherent weakness against valumetric scaling, such as changes in audio volume or image brightness. In the present paper, we present an alternative to lattice codes that is inherently robust to valumetric scaling. This code is based on a trellis that has been modified so that each bit value may be coded by traversing several alternative arcs. A Viterbi decoder is used in the detector to identify the path with the highest correlation to the input work. Since relative correlation values are unaffected by valumetric scaling, the same message will be detected no matter how the input has been scaled.
Keywords :
Viterbi decoding; Viterbi detection; trellis codes; watermarking; Viterbi decoder; Viterbi detector; alternative arcs; dirty-paper trellis codes; informed coding; valumetric scaling; watermarking; Brightness; Channel capacity; Convolutional codes; Decoding; Lattices; Payloads; Robustness; Transmitters; Viterbi algorithm; Watermarking;
fLanguage :
English
Publisher :
ieee
Conference_Titel :
Image Processing. 2002. Proceedings. 2002 International Conference on
ISSN :
1522-4880
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-7622-6
Type :
conf
DOI :
10.1109/ICIP.2002.1039904
Filename :
1039904
Link To Document :
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