A Unified Scalable Model of User Localisation with Uncertainty Awareness for Large-scale Pervasive Environments

Localisation has become a standard feature in many mobile applications. Numerous techniques for both indoor and outdoor location tracking are available today, providing a diversity of ways positioning information can be delivered to a mobile application (e.g., a location-based service). Such factors as the variation of precision over time and covered areas or the difference in quality and reliability make the adoption of several techniques for one application cumbersome. This work presents an approach that models the capabilities of localisation systems and then uses this model to build a unified view on localisation, with special attention paid to uncertainty coming from different localisation conditions and its presentation to the user. We discuss technical considerations, challenges and issues of the approach and report about a user study on users´ acceptance of the suggested behaviour of an application based on the approach. The results of the study showed the feasibility of the approach and revealed users´ preference towards automatic but yet informed changes they experienced while using the application.