Evaluation of long-term stability of HVDC measuring system based on bandgap references

The high-voltage DC measuring system based on bandgap voltage references has been used for high accuracy with low dynamic resistance up to 20 kV. The measuring system is stable output over a wide range of operating current and ambient temperature, and it is insensitive to effects due to leakage currents. One of the most important parameters of a reference system is its long-term stability. This paper describes the long-term performance of a high-voltage DC reference measuring system based on bandgap voltage references.