Analysis of connector effects for 2.92 mm coaxial lines

This paper describes the detailed analysis employed in the development of the S-parameter standard for 2.92 mm coaxial lines at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). An important part is the method of analyzing connector effects in measuring the dimensions of a primary standard and applying a theoretical model. We used an adapter or air line to simulate effects of the connections when measuring its dimensions. The major uncertainties of the dimensional measurements were the deformations caused by the connections. To relate the dimensional deformations to the S-parameters of the standard, cascade model was better than uniform model.