Classification of charging systems according to the intelligence and roles of the charging equipment

Various types of charging equipment (CE) need to be established and operated in this infrastructure. CE is categorized into four types according to roles of the CE and the servers, their relationship, and the intelligence of the CE: simple, connected, intelligent, and smart. In simple charging systems, CE applies IEC61851 international standards and does not connect to the management server. Connected charging systems collect data values measured in CEs. The difference in intelligent charging systems depends on whether the server can control the CEs remotely. Finally, smart charging systems share the status information with a neighboring CE and participate in local charging networks both manually and atomically.