Examining synchronization systems of time and frequency transfer

By this time the complex of the comparison methods and their technical realization is sufficiently increased. In a basis of all synchronization methods (SM) lays transfer of the information about time scales. Depending on transfer algorithms, it is possible to divide SM into three groups. One-way information transfer methods from one point to another concern the first group. Shift of time scales can be determined, if the delay between points is known. Examples of realization SM of the first group - the transported quantum clocks (TQC); MW, LW and satellite radionavigating systems (SRNS) GLONASS and GPS (Navstar); the system using reflection of signals from the Moon; TV; cable, laser and optical fiber lines. Methods of the first group are accepted for naming passive. The second group SM is based on the bilateral radiation. The delay between points can be unknown, required only the high stability and the convertibility. Methods of the second group are accepted for naming active. The active SM is realized in radio meteoric, satellite and optical liaison channels. Additional highly stable scale the signals of which are accepted in synchronization points is used in the third group of SM. Shift of time scales is determined in a view of known difference of signals delays between point of the additional scale and the given points. Methods of this group are realized in SRNS (a differential mode), and also in radio-interference-meters with superlong bases (RSLB). In SRNS additional scale is formed by the standard onboard the satellite. In RSLB a role of an additional scale play highly stable signals of space sources (pulsars, kvazars). Now the maximum accuracy is provided with following SM: TQC; radio meteoric method of synchronization (RMS); the methods based on use SRNS and telecommunication AES