Reliability modeling of a composite energy storage and wind generation systems with adequate transmission upgrades

Wind generation has been recognized as one of the most important components in Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). It becomes a critical task for the power engineers to find solutions in integrating wind generation reliably and economically with the power grid. The intermittency of wind generation and the potential need for adequate transmission expansion are the major concerns in wind technology integration modeling. One solution being considered is to build on-site energy storage with the wind generation. The idea of building such a composite system is not only to minimize the real-time variation of the composite system output, but also to optimize the transmission upgrades needed for delivery of the wind generation. A novel probabilistic reliability assessment method is proposed in this paper for determining the adequate size of an energy storage, the capacity of wind generation and the transmission upgrades needed in connecting renewable wind technology with the power system. The practical applications of the proposed model are illustrated using the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) system.