Antenna properties improvement by means of modern technology

In this paper we identify some challenges in antenna designs both small and large types that we have recently encountered in the process of designing antennas for personal communication, GPS, UWB, millimeter waves, BANs, sensors, RFID, and other similar applications. Needless to say that the topic of metamaterial has attracted considerable attention in recent years, as evidenced by the number of researcher contributing to the subject, who have been very prolific indeed.