Space-time simulation model based on particle swarm optimization algorithm for stadium evacuation

In this paper, a space-time simulation model based on particle swarm optimization algorithm for stadium evacuation is presented. In this new model, the fast evacuation, going with the crowd and the panic behaviors are considered and the corresponding moving rules are defined. The model is applied to a stadium and simulations are carried out to analyze the spacetime evacuation efficiency by different behaviors. The simulation results show that the behaviors of going with the crowd and panic will slow down the evacuation process while quickest evacuation psychology can accelerate the process, and panic is helpful to some extent. The setting of parameters is discussed to obtain best performance. The simulation results can offer effective suggestions for evacuees under emergency situation.