The structure and the properties of bipolar near-electrode layers in liquid dielectrics

The structure of double near-electrode layers at the metal-liquid border is usually represented as a diffuse ionic charge of the liquid opposite to the electrode charge. Some of the experiments with liquid dielectrics led to the discovery of bipolar near-electrode layers, consisting of a layer of ions, bearing the same charge as the electrode and situated in close proximity to its surface and a layer of ions having an opposite charge, situated further. The report contains the results of numerical solution of a general system of equation of ionic conductivity for ternary ionic systems. Numerous attempts at mathematical simulation of bipolar charge structures in terms of binary ionic systems proved to be unsuccessful. The analyzed mathematical modal represents a hydrostatic one-dimensional case. Liquid weakly conducting medium, initially containing a pair of ions of the opposite charge is placed into a cell with two flatly parallel electrodes to which at a certain moment high voltage is applied. Due to the dissociation of admixture particles and the injection from the electrodes surface ions begin to appear and recombine. The relationship between normal mobility of two oppositely charged ions and the viscosity of a medium is described by Walden-Stokes ratio. The article contains the results of numerical simulation of bipolar ionic structure in terms of ternary ionic systems, containing oppositely charged ions of normal mobility and positively charged ions injected by an electrode with significantly lower mobility. The cause of lower mobility of injected ions seems to be connected with the structurization of neutral molecules in the field of an ion. Under these conditions numerical experiments permit to get bipolar ionic structures in the near-electrode region similar to those detected in natural experiments