New clinical methods of using femtosecond laser pulses in refractive surgery

From the physical point of view, all known parameters for fs-laser induced optical breakdown to cut corneal tissue are beneficial for the low pulse energy high frequency femtosecond surgical laser like Ziemer´s Femto LDV. The used fs-laser oscillator makes the Femto LDV compact and robust, delivers low pulse energy at high frequencies and has an unreached preciseness due to the high focussing optics very close to the treated area. The special feature of the low energy pulses can reduce bubble formation during the cutting process. The smaller the bubbles, the more precise the cut can be positioned, especially with respect to Sub Bowman Keratomileusis (SBK).