Frequency and transient behavior of grounding systems. I. Physical and methodological aspects

In the paper, the author presents a soil electrical model, based on extensive measurements, from very low frequency to 1 MHz, and in a physical criterion to validate measurement results. A methodology and a computational procedure to determine the frequency and the transient behavior of grounding systems, and the effects of such behavior on safety of people and equipment are also presented. This procedure considers, in correct way, soil electrical characteristics and the treatment of electromagnetic behavior of grounding systems, including propagation and attenuation in dissipative media, as it is the case of soil