An improved localization algorithm based on the hop-distance relationship in a shadow fading environment

This article analyzes the hop-distance relationship in a shadow fading environment. Assuming the sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a circular region according to a planar Poisson process, we present the close relationship between the hop counts and their geographic distance. An improved localization algorithm based on the hop-distance relationship, called ILA_HDR, has been proposed. The ILA_HDR uses the distance-vector flooding technique and determines the distance information from hop counts. Based on the relationship for hop counts and geographic distance, the weight for each distance measurement has been designed. The performance evaluation of ILA_HDR is given in term of average localization error by several simulations, and the results show that ILA_HDR performs better than least square (LS) method in a shadow fading environment.