Data deterioration: using laboratory measurements for dynamic calibration

Introduces a concept of data deterioration and discusses concepts of on-line dynamic calibration and data fusion in process automation, mainly in the area of pulp and paper. A few cases are presented after theoretical discussion. In dynamic calibration the laboratory analysis is used as a calibration reference to the online measurement. Also data fusion can be used to combine the measurements. Fuzzy methods can be used for this data fusion. Measurements are the most important thing when designing control and monitoring methods. If measurements are unreliable the intelligent and complex methods are futile.