Triangulation of Modeling Methodologies for Strategic Decisions in an Inland Waterway Transportation System

We show how optimizing models, computer simulation, and expert opinion were integrated to investigate the potential performance of a waterway navigation system under different scheduling regimes and infrastructure changes. Analytical models are used to derive scheduling rules that balance efficiency against equity. Discrete-event simulation is used to assess system performance under various infrastructural changes (helper boats, expanded locks) and traffic management schemes (such as load leveling, priority scheduling, or self-regulation by the barge industry). Expert opinion is sought to address concerns of stakeholders and shed light on industry reactions to different policy alternatives. We show the importance of triangulation involving different modeling and philosophical approaches in generating relevant information for development of solution strategies.