Minimally Invasive Electrical Impedance Measurements of Ovum Exemplified Using Microelectrodes

It is commonly accepted that electrical impedance provides relevant information about the physiological condition of living tissues. Currently, impedance measurements are performed with relatively large surface electrodes not suitable for studies in micro tissue due to their poor spatial resolution and high ESEI that they cause on the surface of skin. A minimally invasive electrical impedance measurement technique of living tissues using needle shaped electrode is described in this paper. A series of experiments in ovum gallinaceums was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the probes and the measurement system to decrease diagnostics uncertainty. Ovum impedance measurements with the minimally invasive probe showed that the effect of the outer layer membrane (the stratum corneum of skin) was substantially reduced compared to regular non-invasive impedance. Minimally invasive probes resulted in significant changes of all measured parameters.