Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment

The effects of field-of-view (FOV) in a virtual environment (VE) on presence, enjoyment, memory and simulator sickness (SS) were studied. A refined scale, designed to assess subjects\´ engagement, enjoyment and immersion (E²I), was developed. Items to examine subjects\´ memory of the VE were included. SS was examined using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Using a within-subjects design, data were collected from 10 subjects at four FOVs (60°, 100°, 140° and 180°). The VE, called "Crayolaland", was presented in a driving simulator. The results indicated that presence, enjoyment and SS varied as a function of the display FOV. Subjects exhibited higher SSQ and presence subscale scores with increasing FOV. SSQ and presence values approached asymptotes for FOVs beyond 140°. Presence and SS were positively correlated, while enjoyment and SS were negatively correlated