The use of advanced batteries for meeting California´s ZEV requirement

In March 1996, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) and the seven largest vehicle manufacturers in the US market formerly established a Memoranda of Agreement (MOA) to support the commercialization of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) and the fulfilment of a 10 percent California ZEV fleet by 2003. During the march hearings, considerable emphasis was placed on the need for advanced battery technologies capable of extending the range and performance of electric vehicles (EVs) to acceptable levels. This paper is intended to provide an update on ARB´s ZEV requirement and the progress of advanced batteries including Ni-MH, Na-NiCl and Li-ion batteries