Ricean K-Factor Measurements and Analysis for Wideband Radio Channels in High-Speed Railway U-Shape Cutting Scenarios

Based on wideband radio channel measurements with a bandwidth of up to 50 MHz at 2.35 GHz in a U-shape cutting environment, we analyze the Ricean K-factor for high-speed railway communications. Three types of the K-factor, consisting of narrowband, wideband and delay K-factor, are extracted according to the measured channel responses by using the channel partitioning and combining method. Due to the rich reflecting and scattering components in the U-shape cutting scenario, the K-factor dramatically changes with the frequency. A distance-based statistical narrowband K-factor model covering the frequency variability is proposed. The channel bandwidth dependent property of the wideband K-factor is observed and then a bandwidth-based statistical wideband K-factor model is developed. Moreover, it is found that the K-factor just exists at the beginning of the delay bins in the deep U-shape cutting scenario. These results are provided for use in system design and channel modeling of high-speed railway communications.