A security oriented approach to PMU positioning for advanced monitoring of a transmission grid

This paper presents four deterministic methods for positioning phasor measurement units (PMUs) with the aim of linear static state estimation of power networks. First method searches multiple solutions with a minimum set of PMU\´s, by means of direct and indirect voltage and current measurements, whereas the second approach is a fast, "single shot" solution of the problem. Additional strategies are proposed for PMU positioning with a N-1 contingency criterion, for both line and measurement device losses. These methods lead to an optimised allocation for changing topology networks, such as post-fault transmission line configurations. The algorithms are applied on some IEEE test networks and HV Italian transmission grids. Results are compared with those obtained by heuristic methods proposed in the literature.