Title :
Energy-efficient mapping and scheduling for DVS enabled distributed embedded systems
Author :
Schmitz, Marcus T. ; Al-Hashimi, Bashir M. ; Eles, Petru
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Southampton Univ., UK
Abstract :
In this paper, we present an efficient two-step iterative synthesis approach for distributed embedded systems containing dynamic voltage scalable processing elements (DVS-PEs), based on genetic algorithms. The approach partitions, schedules, and voltage scales multi-rate specifications given as task graphs with multiple deadlines. A distinguishing feature of the proposed synthesis is the utilisation of a generalised DVS method. In contrast to previous techniques, which "simply" exploit available slack time, this generalised technique additionally considers the PE power profile during a refined voltage selection to further increase the energy savings. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. We report up to 43.2% higher energy reductions compared to previous DVS scheduling approaches based on constructive techniques and total energy savings of up to 82.9% for mapping and scheduling optimised DVS systems
Keywords :
circuit optimisation; embedded systems; genetic algorithms; hardware-software codesign; logic partitioning; low-power electronics; processor scheduling; timing; DVS enabled distributed embedded systems; dynamic voltage scalable processing elements; energy reduction; energy savings; energy-efficient mapping; genetic algorithms; low-energy task mapping algorithm; multi-rate specifications; multiple deadlines; partitioning; processing element power profile; refined voltage selection; scheduling; system level co-design; task graphs; two-step iterative synthesis; voltage scaling; Dynamic scheduling; Dynamic voltage scaling; Embedded system; Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Microprocessors; Processor scheduling; Switches; Timing; Voltage control;
Conference_Titel :
Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 2002. Proceedings
Conference_Location :
Paris
Print_ISBN :
0-7695-1471-5
DOI :
10.1109/DATE.2002.998349