A mathematical model to describe the electrical characteristics for a fuel cell

This paper presents a proposed mathematical model to describe the electrical characteristics for a fuel cell (FC). The FC model considers the use of transcendental equations, fractals, and the boundary conditions and characteristic shape for the operation of a fuel cell. The proposed FC model has the following advantages: (1) suitable for sustainable energy and power applications, (2) emulate the typical shape for the electrical characteristics for a fuel cell, (3) useful for circuit analysis at the academic level, (4) able to replicate the realistic constraints in a fuel cell. Finally, the paper shows simulations using the proposed model.