Load Balancing for Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Congestion is generated by buffer overflow and generally is considered in transport layer. However, there is almost no considered one about existing routing protocols of sensor network because it is difficult to apply congestion control in transport layer of WSNs (wireless sensor networks) that have limited resources such as energy, buffer, and bandwidth of sensor nodes. Therefore, routing protocol of sensor networks must deliberate how to control congestion. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the routing protocol avoidable congestion to improve throughput, packet drop rate, lifetime, and so on. Consequently, each node can evenly distribute loads. We demonstrate how to achieve congestion-free load balancing when there are multiple routing paths towards sink.