Electron-optical systems for O-type devices of millimeter wavelength range

We will discuss the results of development, study and use of electron-optical systems (EOS), that form plane and axially-symmetrical beams with the cross dimensions of 0.05 to 0.2 mm and current density up to 100 A/cm², and are applied in backward wave tubes (BWT), traveling wave tubes (TWT) and orotrons of mm- and submm-wave ranges. The specificity of this study is the predominating and sometimes decisive part of the design and technological solutions in the implementation of physical and technical concepts that served as a basis by developing these devices and EOS.