Analysis of distribution grids: State estimation using model uncertainties

The development of smart grid technologies for distribution grids requires a more accurate knowledge of the energy transfer in such grids. Uncertainties in the measurement chain and in the network model (mostly from incomplete knowledge of the model electrical parameters) have to be estimated and further used together with control algorithms, including those based on state estimation procedures. In this paper, several model components are considered and described along with associated uncertainties: the equivalent circuits of the low voltage cable belonging to a generic distribution grid, power transformers and an aerial short medium voltage line. In order to minimize the uncertainty associated with the state estimation variables, only phasor measurement units (PMU) are considered in the measurement layer.