Load flow calculations in AC/DC distribution network including weakly mesh, distributed generation and energy storage units

The technical and economical developments during last decades have established opportunity to create a new competitive distribution system based on modern power electronic technology. From technological point of view the LVDC system is a new concept in the field of electricity distribution. In general, two basic approaches have been reported for solving the AC-DC network power flow equations: sequential and unified methods. Similar to AC distribution networks, due to the large number of PQ buses and high r/x ratio, methods such as Newton Raphson and FAST Decoupled cannot be used in these systems; introduced methods also cannot be used in AC/DC distribution networks. In this paper, load flow calculations are studied in AC/DC distribution networks including a weakly mesh, in the presence of distributed generation and energy storage units, taking into account different converter control strategies, by backward forward sweep and compensation-based algorithms.