Energy-aware strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy consumption represents a key element in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) design. Several factors can cause energy over consumption such as mobility, node position (relay or gateway), retransmissions... The network topology can also be a major cause of energy waste: a transmission in 1-hop requires a high energy, a transmission in K-hops requires a lower energy, even though, it can damage the batteries of the intermediate nodes. In this paper, we will define a new energy-efficient clustering algorithm namely ME2DBS (Mobility Energy Degree Distance to the Base Station). In the clusterhead (CH) election phase, a node with lower mobility, higher residual energy, higher degree and closer to the base station (BS) is more likely elected as a CH. Then, we will determine optimal topology that will minimize energy consumption of WSNs. Next, we will propose a routing procedure based on the nodes weights that depend on the distance between sensors, the number of sent messages and energy consumption. The obtained results have shown that our contributions are effective in saving energy.