Electrode arrays for large-scale neural interfaces

Large scale arrays of microelectrodes are being developed as chronic neural interfaces for emerging neuro-prosthetic aids for sensory and motor impairment. Although microelectrodes have been used in neurophysiology research for decades, their integration into large arrays for chronic implantation presents many engineering challenges. These include issues regarding manufacturability, interconnection, insulation, implantation, and biocompatibility. Unfortunately, even though these implementation issues are critical to the success of chronically implanted electrode arrays, they have not been as widely investigated as have many of the electronic and software aspects of neuroprosthetic systems. This presentation and paper will provide a general overview of many of the microelectrode arrays in development for research and clinical applications along with a discussion of problem areas that require consideration and further investigation.