Collective behavior of a weight swarm model based on unbounded repulsion

In this paper, we consider an M-member individual-based continuous-time weight swarm model in an n-dimensional Euclidean space to an attractant/repellent or a nutrient profile. The motion of each individual is determined by three factors: attraction to the other individual on long distance; repulsion from the other individuals on short distance; attraction to the more favorable regions (or repulsion from the unfavorable regions) of the attractant/repellent profile. The emergent behavior of the swarm motion is the result of a balance between inter-individual interactions and the simultaneous interactions of the swarm members with their environment.