Fractal element antennas: a compilation of configurations with novel characteristics

Fractal geometries have been used in science to mathematically define intriguing features observed in nature, from describing the formation of clouds to coastlines to tree bark. It expands the horizon of possible geometries, some of which may lead to enhanced performances in antenna designs. Fractal geometries have been studied as array elements and distributions, with the goal of finding miniaturized and efficient radiators. A compilation of simulations of several simple fractal geometries that either miniaturize or improve the input match of element antennas (including fractal loops, fractal dipoles, and multiband fractal antennas) are presented.