Fabrication of Three Fire-Retardant Poplar Gluing Composite Lumbers and Evaluation of Their Fire-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressant Performance

Wood-based composites is widely used in building and interior decoration field. However, it is easy for wood to get burnt, and abundant toxic smoke generating during the burning process has caused great casualties and property loss. In this study, poplar wood was chosen as test materials, and three fire-retardant were selected, i.e. the inorganic X type fire-retardant and the organic fire-retardant named F type, and the Z type fire-retardant which is an ordinary organic and inorganic combination fire-retardant and contains element Cl and N. Then after different treated process, three types of gluing composite lumbers were prepared. Thereafter, DSC, TG etc were adopted, and the fire-retardant, smoke-suppressant and mechanical performance of lumber were compared and evaluated. The results indicated that : (1) In a certain range of fire-retardant concentration, with the increase of concentration, all of these three fire-retardant had a much better fire-retardant and smoke- suppressant performance while the bonding strength of composite didn´t show much variation and met the requirement of GB. (2) For the F type fire-retardant, when the concentration and process technique were the same, the fire-retarded performance of Y type was better than the other two types, and it also had a good smoke-suppressant performance. (3) X type fire-retardant had an excellent fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance when its concentration was relatively large. (4) For Z type fire-retardant, it had a good fire-retarding performance with a relatively small smoke amount, but some toxic gas such as HCl and NH₃ was generated.