Autonomous Decentralized Processing and Decentralized Algorithm for High Speed in a Wired-and-Wireless Integrated IC Card Ticket System

High speed and high reliability are required of the Automatic Fare Collection Systems (AFCSs). The automatic fare collection gates (AFCGs) must let the congested passengers pass quickly during rush hours but cannot roughly handle the tickets equivalent to notes. High speed and high reliability on wireless communications were challenging when East Japan Railway Company was developing a wireless IC card ticket system; faster processing resulted in poorer reliability. "Autonomous Decentralized Processing Technology" and "Decentralized Algorithm on the Fare Calculations with an IC Card and AFCGs" have been designed as the solutions. As the models are simulated and the results are satisfactory, these technologies are implemented to the practical "Suica" system and have proven the effectiveness.