Antenna configurations for infrastructure-to-vehicle broadcast systems on motorways

Multiple antenna solutions are likely to be adopted by the infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication systems to provide a cost effective coverage by the roadside access points (RAPs) along the motorways. In this paper, different antenna configurations at the RAP and at the vehicle are investigated in order to obtain the antenna design guidelines for the downlink of the I2V systems. At the RAP, the multiple transmitting antennas are assumed to be mounted either on a mast next to the road, mounted on a bridge above the road, or placed directly on the road surface. At the vehicle, the antennas are either mounted on the top of the vehicle, or in the front of the vehicle. The three-dimensional (3D) channel models and the parameters of the 802.11p standard are adopted to obtain numerical examples and to compare different transmitting and receiving antenna configurations in terms of the received signal strength (RSS) statistics.