Roughness effect of the soil of Alwar on passive and active microwave remote sensing

Real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity (epsiv\´ and epsiv") of soil of Alwar have been determined at a single microwave frequency 9.78 GHz. In view of passive microwave remote sensing horizontal components of emissivity for bare and smooth soil surfaces along with various rough surfaces are determined using the emissivity model. The radar backscattering coefficient of soil surfaces with different small level roughness is calculated by small perturbation model. It is observed that both the emissivity and backscattering coefficient increases with increasing roughness of soil surface. Thus, the active microwave remote sensing is very sensitive for roughness of soil surfaces in comparison to passive microwave remote sensing. Directional dependence of the detection of microwaves at the sensor is also strongly related to roughness of soil.