Resonant frequency of equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization technique

In bio-medical applications and wireless communication systems, the microstrip antennas are extensively used due to their low-profile feature and ease of fabrication. With recent advances in electromagnetic computer-aided design (CAD), the design of microstrip antenna has been benefited from the utilization of accurate numerical methods. Recently the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was introduced to the electromagnetic community to calculate microstrip patch antenna parameters. In this paper, the authors have explored its potential by using it in accurate determination of resonant frequency of equilateral triangular microstrip patch (ETMP) antenna. The results obtained have been compared with that of GA and experimental values. The results are in good agreement thus encouraging the use of PSO for antenna design.