An improved 3-D ray tracing method for indoor propagation prediction

The 3-D brute-force ray-tracing technique has been used extensively to predict indoor/outdoor radio propagation in mobile communication in recent year. This method produces accurate, deterministic channel models for wireless system design. It is also a powerful tool for propagation prediction in complex environments. However, a reception sphere has to be introduced to determine the rays that reach the receivers and the kinematic errors unavoidably occur. This paper presents a novel shooting and reception sphere technique which provides a much improved accuracy