SO2 Emission Reduction through Industrial Symbiosis

Industrial symbiosis (IS) involves the inter-company exchanges of by-products, water and energy. The development of IS networks offers a potential regional platform to contribute to ensuring efficient utilization resources while minimizing the negative impacts on the environment. To illustrate the concept and potential application of IS, this paper focuses on the introduction of sulfur oriented IS network to reduce SO₂ emission and increase the opportunity of business. It consists of interlinked production of sulfur related products. These production networks utilize nearly all sulfur by-products to generate new revenues and reduce environmental emissions and disposal costs. The companies in Kalundborg industrial park could reduce SO₂ air emission 3,700 tonnes and reuse 2,800 tonnes waste sulfur annually. The hypothetical example will achieve 15,000 tonnes SO₂ emission reduction per year.