Energy Efficient Geographic Routing for Prolonging Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

In realistic wireless sensor networks (WSNs), wireless link can be extremely unreliable and for the reliable and efficient data delivery many characteristics should be considered such as link quality, distance and energy. Therefore, an optimal solution which considers these characteristics is necessary. Previous geographic routing protocols which consider only some of these characteristics are not adequate to use in realistic WSNs. In the paper, we propose a scheme which balances link-quality, distance and energy. Our proposed scheme is more energy-efficient than previous routing protocols, and has longer lifetime. Numerical expressions such as Packet Reception Rate (PRR), distance, and Energy-level are used in the paper. In addition, we explain how to forward a packet to the destination with these expressions. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is more efficient than PRR × Distance scheme and achieves higher network lifetime compared with that of previous routing schemes.