Optimal bidding strategies of a mixed RES portfolio by stochastic programming

Wind energy is one of the most growing renewable energy resources. However, its integration into the power systems has posed many challenges due to its uncertain and variable nature. To deal with these challenges, the coordinated operation of a pumped storage plant and a wind farm in order to yield a dispatchable generating unit has been widely proposed lately in the literature. In this paper, a stochastic bi-level optimization model for the development of optimal bidding strategies for a mixed RES portfolio comprising wind and hydro resources is proposed. This bi-level optimization problem is converted into a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions and the strong duality theory. Extensive simulations on the IEEE Reliability Test System demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model.