The extended Kalman filtering algorithm for carrier synchronization and the implementation

The extended Kalman filtering algorithm applied for carrier synchronization and the implementation are studied in this paper. The major advantage of the Kalman-based scheme over the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) is the self-adaptation of loop bandwidth for better compromising the tradeoff between fast acquisition and small phase tracking variation. We have developed the idea to a practical application example of the cable modem downstream receiver. From simulations and implementation results, it is shown that the Kalman-based approach can achieve much shorter acquisition time than the conventional PLL structure. A 64-QAM receiver with a two-state Kalman filtering carrier recovery is designed and verified on Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA