Tuning space mapping optimization exploiting embedded surrogate elements

Inspired by the tuning space mapping concept, the implicit space mapping concept, and surrogate optimization, we propose a simple microwave design optimization/tuning technique. Utilizing co-calibrated ports, our new tuning model is created by substituting sections in the electromagnetic (EM) model with corresponding sections of designable equivalent (surrogate) elements. Several microwave examples demonstrate how the tuning model can be used for design purposes.