Efficient design of fault tolerant tiles in QCA

This work targets to explore the design of fault tolerant Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) tiles. A fault tolerant tile implementing majority logic (FTM) is realised which achieves 95.5% defect tolerance under single cell deposition. Also, two fault tolerant tiles around coupled majority minority (CMVMIN) are investigated in Quantum-dot cellular automata which realize majority and minority functions simultaneously. The characterization defective behaviour of fault tolerant tiles under cell deposition, cell misplacement and cell misalignment defects have been thoroughly investigated. The proposed fault tolerant tiles are found to be achieved fault tolerance of 88.88% and 88.23%. Efficient synthesis of symmetric functions based on such tile, further, establishes its effectiveness.