Characteristics of different power systems neutral grounding techniques: facts and fiction

The authors review the characteristics of different power systems grounding techniques as currently applied, and misapplied, within industry today. They note that, in many cases, misunderstood concepts and perceptions of the purpose and type of power systems grounding to be selected date back to the 1940s and earlier. Since that time much research, coupled with experience, that is now available to industry has taken place. The authors review the many different system grounding practices and present information on different grounding methods. Safety, National Electric Code requirements, and operational considerations, such as continuity of service, are investigated. Finally, examples of proper applications within various industries are given