Improvements in transmission line permittivity and permeability measurements

The transmission/reflection and short-circuit line methods for complex permittivity and permeability determination in transmission-line sample holders are examined. Novel equations for permittivity that eliminate the ill-behaved nature of the commonly used transmission/reflection methods at frequencies corresponding to integer multiples of one-half wavelength in the sample are presented. The equations are also independent of reference plane position. Measurement results and an error analysis are presented. In addition, the scattering equations are solved with an optimization routine which incorporates prior information as constraints.<>